INCI: Titanium Dioxide | Function: Mineral UV Filter, Opacifier | Type: Mineral sunscreen (physical)
What Is Titanium Dioxide?
Titanium Dioxide is a mineral UV filter that provides broad-spectrum protection by reflecting, scattering, and absorbing UV radiation. It is photostable and non-irritating, making it ideal for sensitive skin and baby formulations. Modern micronized/nano forms reduce the white cast.
Key Skin Benefits
+ Broad-spectrum UVB + UVA II protection (290-350nm)
+ Photostable — does not degrade in sunlight
+ Non-irritating — suitable for sensitive/rosacea skin
+ Immediate protection upon application
+ Stable in formulations
Pros
+ Excellent safety profile for sensitive skin
+ Photostable unlike chemical filters
+ No systemic absorption concerns (unlike some chemical filters)
+ Approved worldwide including natural cosmetics
+ Approved at up to 25% in sunscreens
Cons
− White cast (less with micronized/nano forms)
− Lower UVA I protection than zinc oxide
− Can be drying in high concentrations
− Nano forms under environmental scrutiny (marine toxicity)
− Can pill/ball up in some formulations
Specifications
Property
Value
Usage Areas
Face, Eye, Body
Product Type
Leave-On
Source
Mineral
Natural Level
Natural (mineral)
Safety Ratings
Metric
Rating
Skin Sensitivity
0/5 (none)
Comedogenic Rating
0/5
EWG Score
2/10 (non-nano)
Regional Regulatory Limits
Region
Leave-on %
Rinse-off %
Status
EU (CosIng)
Max 25%
Max 25%
Allowed — Annex VI sunscreen
US (CIR/FDA)
Up to 25%
Up to 25%
Allowed — FDA OTC monograph
Japan (MHLW)
No limit specified
No limit
Allowed
ASEAN
Max 25%
Max 25%
Allowed — follows EU
China (NMPA)
Max 25%
Max 25%
Allowed
Typical Usage % by Product Type
Product Type
Typical %
Sunscreen (SPF)
5 - 25%
Day cream with SPF
2 - 10%
Color cosmetic SPF
1 - 15%
References
Smijs TG & Pavel S (2011) — TiO2 and ZnO sunscreen review. PMID: 22171737